Understanding dog allergies and managing the itch

Is your dog scratching like there’s no tomorrow or acting a bit off after eating their kai?

Allergies are more common in dogs than you might think, and they can stem from a variety of sources. Whether it’s seasonal pollen causing your dog to itch endlessly, environmental factors like dust mites or mould, or even a food ingredient they simply can’t tolerate, allergies can make life uncomfortable for our canine companions.

The good news? You don’t have to navigate this alone. We’re here to help with expert advice from Dr. Rosalind Holland (BVSc), who will guide you through identifying the signs of allergies, managing the triggers, and finding ways to reduce your dog’s symptoms. With the right approach, your pooch can get back to feeling happy, healthy, and comfortable!

Common allergies affecting dogs in NZ 

Environmental allergies (atopy) 

Environmental allergies, or atopy, occur when your dog's immune system overreacts to harmless substances in their environment, such as pollen, mould, or dust mites. This overreaction releases histamines, which lead to itching, redness, and swelling.

Common environmental triggers include: 

• Pollens and grasses: Seasonal allergies that can worsen in spring and summer. 
• Dust mites: Invisible invaders that lurk in carpets, bedding, or furniture. 
• Cleaning products: Harsh chemicals can irritate your dog’s skin. 

Flea allergies and other bites 

Did you know that even a single flea bite can cause intense itching for some dogs? Flea allergy dermatitis is one of the most common skin issues seen by vets in New Zealand, causing itching, hair loss, and inflamed skin. Other insect bites, like bees and spiders, can also trigger allergic reactions in some dogs. 

Food allergies 

Food allergies are less common in dogs compared to environmental or flea-related allergies. They can be caused by their immune system misidentifying certain proteins as harmful substances. Common culprits include beef, chicken, dairy, wheat, soy, and eggs. Interestingly, the reaction isn’t immediate – it might take years of exposure before symptoms develop. Watch for signs like vomiting, diarrhoea, skin reactions, or ear infections after meals. 

How to identify allergic reactions in dogs 

Allergic reactions in dogs usually show up on the skin as persistent itching, which might involve scratching, licking, chewing, or rubbing themselves. Dr. Holland highlights that skin inflammation often leads to wounds, bleeding, or even secondary infections. Some symptoms of allergies in dogs can look like the following:

• Constant scratching or licking (especially paws or ears) 
• Red, irritated skin or bald patches 
• Hot spots (swollen, itchy, and moist areas on the skin) 
• Ear issues, like head shaking or ear discharge 
• Runny eyes or nose 
• Vomiting or diarrhoea 

Finding relief: allergy management strategies for your dog 

The first step in managing your dog's allergies is pinpointing the cause. Dr. Holland advises, “Allergies cannot be cured – they are lifelong issues that need to be managed.” Your vet may recommend the following strategies to manage dog allergy symptoms effectively:

• Dietary trials: A limited-ingredient diet can help detect food allergies. 
• Medications: Common options include antihistamines, steroids, antibiotics, or medicated shampoos to relieve skin irritation. 
• Immunotherapy: For severe cases, allergy shots can help retrain your dog’s immune system over time. 
• Parasite control: Keep fleas and ticks under control to prevent flare-ups. 

Dr. Holland also emphasises the importance of addressing secondary infections. If your dog’s skin develops wounds or pimples, these infections will need to be treated promptly to avoid complications.

Tips for managing allergen exposure 

Regular grooming 

A good brushing and regular baths using a dog-friendly shampoo can help remove allergens from your pup's fur. This is especially important after walks in areas with long grass or pollen exposure. 

Keep parasites in check 

Flea prevention is key, as flea saliva can worsen existing skin issues. Use a trusted flea treatment as recommended by your vet and check for any unwanted visitors! 

Monitor their environment 

Keep your pet's living area clean by reducing clutter, washing beds frequently, and vacuuming carpets. Keeping track of allergy triggers in a journal can help identify seasonal or environmental patterns – like pollen surges or specific cleaning products that might irritate your dog. 

Avoid known triggers 

If you’ve identified allergens, limit exposure wherever possible. For example, avoid walks in grassy areas during pollen season or switch to a hypoallergenic diet if food allergies are to blame. 

Knowing when to consult a vet 

If your dog is scratching excessively or showing any signs of discomfort, it’s time to consult your vet. Dr. Holland advises, “Itching is very uncomfortable so any profoundly itchy dog should be seen by a vet so they can make a plan to get the dog more comfortable.” Here’s when to take action:

• Persistent symptoms: If symptoms last more than a few days or worsen over time. 
• Secondary infections: Look for signs like pimples, skin discharge, or wounds, as these often require antibiotics. 
• Breathing issues: Severe swelling or difficulty breathing after an allergic reaction requires immediate veterinary care. 

Relief for you and your fur-friend 

Managing your dog’s allergies can be challenging, but with proper care and guidance, it’s absolutely possible to make life more comfortable for them. Allergies can be frustrating, but addressing allergens and staying on top of symptom management will ensure you’re giving your dog the best quality of life.

With cover for some allergy-related vet visits, SPCA Pet Insurance has your back so you can focus on your dog’s health without worrying about the financial burden.